Gov. Ulises Ruiz has been under fire for five months, with leftist protesters in the popular tourist city of Oaxaca accusing him of corruption and repression and demanding his ouster.
Federal riot police broke up the demonstrators' barricades and took control of the colonial city on Sunday. Ruiz had repeatedly called for federal forces to step in.
The Chamber of Deputies voted overwhelmingly in favor of a motion calling on him to step down.
Ruiz has flatly refused to resign. Lawmakers from his own Institutional Revolutionary Party failed to back him, with most abstaining and only a few voting against the motion.
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